Cov lus uas peb tsim tau los siv kuj muaj ntau tsav, ntau yam suab sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv ntu no, peb yuav los xyuas txog cov suab uas Hmoob Dawb siv los ua lus los yog cov suab lus. Lawv zoo li cas, muaj puastsawg lub suab sib txawv, peb cais tau lawv ua puastsawg hom thiab lawv muaj lub ntsiab zoo li cas.
I. SUAB LUS YOG DABTSI
Suab lus yog cov suab uas peb muab siv los ua lus, ib yam li peb muab lub suab [tsev] los cim txog neeg qhov chaw nyob, ces peb hais tias nws yog ib lub suab lus. Cov suab uas tsis muaj qhov cim, xws li [suj, khsiam, ntxheeb], ces peb hu ua suab hais xwb (vim neeg hais tau xwb, tiamsis lawv tsis siv los ua lus). Lwm hom suab uas neeg siv tau los sib qhia xwm thiab tswvyim, xws li suab nruas, suab raj, suab qeej, suab ncas, suab qwv blooj..., peb hu ua suab tsim, vim peb siv ib co twj los tsim cov suab no, tiamsis lawv kuj tsis yog suab lus thiab.
Nyob hauv txoj kev tsim lus, yog peb xav kom peb cov lus yoojyim, es luag paub tseeb, to-taub sai, peb yuavtsum siv ib lub suab los ua ib lo lus nkaus xwb, ib yam li peb siv lub suab [kawm] los cim lub pobtawb uas peb siv los ris khoom. Thaum twg, peb hnov lub suab no, peb yeej paub zoo txog qhov nws cim. Tiamsis, muaj ntau zaus, peb siv ib lub suab los cim ntau qhov ua lus, xws li [kaj] : (kaj zaub), (ntuj kaj). Tej no yog tej-zaum peb muaj suab tsis txaus, tej-zaum yog peb laj nrhiav lwm lub suab tshiab, ces peb cia li yuav lub suab qub los ua ib lo lus tshiab lawm xwb. Qhov siv cov suab qub los ua lus tshiab no kuj muajntsis muaj teebmeem rau txoj kev siv lus. Tiamsis, tom qab neeg paub lawv zoo lawm, neeg kuj siv tau zoo kawg li thiab.
II. HMOOB DAWB COV SUAB LUS ZOO LI CAS
Yog peb xam tas nrho cov suab uas Hmoob Dawb muab siv los ua lus, tej-zaum, tsuas muaj txog 3 000 lub suab lus li xwb, tiamsis vim lawv muaj ntau txoj kev siv cov suab no los ua lus, ces lawv kuj muaj lus txaus siv lawm thiab, ib yam li:
(1) Lawv siv ib lub suab los ua ntau lo lus : [kub]< dej kub, muaj kub.
(2) Lawv muab ob los ntau lub suab los sib txuas ua lus: [huab+tais],
[laum+huab+xeeb].
Hmoob Dawb cov suab lus yog suab sib nkaus xwb, ib yam li [ka] [ntsa] [ca] [hla]. Vim li cas Hmoob Dawb thiaj li siv cov suab sib no los ua lus nkaus xwb? Qhov nov tsis muaj leej twg paub tseeb, tshaj ntawm qhov tias Hmoob Dawb yeej nyiam hom suab zoo li no los paub hom suab no nkaus xwb.
Tshaj no, Hmoob Dawb hais lawv cov suab ua yim theem sib txawv, xws li [ka] [kab] [kad] [kag] [kaj] [kam] [kas] [kav]. Thaum zoo li no, lawv kuj muaj kev tsim kom tau lus ntau ntxiv. Qhov Hmoob Dawb hais lus ua tej theem no, kuj tsis muaj leej twg paub tias yog vim li cas thiab. Tej-zaum yog lawv kawm ntawm lwm haiv neeg los, xws li Suav los Thaib, Blog tej, vim cov neeg no hais lus ua tej theem suab thiab.
III. HMOOB DAWB COV SUAB LUS SIB TXAWV LI CAS
Yog peb muab Hmoob Dawb cov suab lus los sib piv raws li txoj kev peb hais lawv, peb yuav muab lawv faib tau ua ob hom loj li no:
(1) Cov suab lus khoob : [av] [ev] [ua] [wb] [hav] [hem] [huab] [hau].
(Thaum peb hais cov suab lus no, peb rua qhovncauj kom khoob, es tso pa ncajqha hauv qhovncauj los.)
(2) Cov suab lus txhuam : [cua] [kub] [xyoo] [txawj] [sim] [blooj].
(Thaum peb hais cov suab lus no, peb xua blaig, hniav los dincauj thaiv, es tso pa los tsoo, txhuam peb tus blaig, hniav los di-ncauj.)
Yog peb xav paub cov suab lus no kom tseeb ntxiv, peb kuj muab lawv faib tau ua ntau hom li no ntxiv thiab:
(1a) Cov suab lus khoob bo pa : [av] [ev] [ib] [o] [ua] [wb] [aws].
(Thaum peb hais cov suab lus no, peb rua qhovncauj kom khoob thiab peb bo pa, los yog tsis tso pa tawm hauvqhovncauj los.)
(1b) Cov suab lus khoob tso pa : [hav] [hem] [hu] [haus] [hawb].
(Thaum peb hais cov suab lus no, peb rua qhovncauj kom khoob thiab peb tso pa hauv qhovncauj tawm los.)(2a) Cov suab lus txhuam bo pa : [cav] [taws] [zuam] [txoj] [yoob]
(Thaum peb hais cov suab lus no, peb xuas blaig, di-ncauj los hniav thaiv cov pa peb tso tawm los thiab peb bo pa ua ke).
(2b) Cov suab lus txhuam tso pa: [chav] [thaws] [suam] [txhoj] [xyoob]
(Thaum peb hais cov suab lus no, peb xuas blaig, di-ncauj los hniav thaiv thiab peb tso pa tawm los.)
Cov theem suab muaj be hu ua li no:
(1) theem suab "siab": ib, ob, peb
(2) theem suab "ntawd": ped, nrad, tod
(3) theem suab "neeg": yog, zaug, kawg
(4) theem suab "ntuj": loj, koj, tej
(5) theem suab "niam": yam, tim, thaum
(6) theem suab "mus": los, ces, khaws
(7) theem suab "kuv": txiv, cov, zoov
(8) theem suab "no": no, tau, zoo
Tiamsis, qho zaus, peb kuj hais qho lub suab lus uas muaj theem txawv dua saum no thiab, xws li: Koj mus lox? Yog tim neb xwb ntah!
IV. NTSIAB-SUAB
Yog peb muab peb cov suab lus los cais kom yau ntxiv, ces peb yuav pom tau tias ib txhia suab lus kuj muaj ntau lub ntsiab-suab, xws li:
Tiamsis, qho lub suab lus tsuas muaj ib lub ntsiab-suab xwb, xws li : [a] [oo] [ua] [hau] [hu] [ho], vim peb muab lawv cais tsis tau kom yau ntxiv. Thaum zoo li no, peb hais tias lawv cov ntsiab-suab yog {a} {oo} {ua} {hau} {hu} {ho} thiab.
Ib txhia suab lus, peb kuj cais tau ua ntau theem suab, xws li cov suab lus [kaj], [kab], [kag] nyob rau peb theem suab sib txawv. Peb muab lawv cais tau li no:
Yog peb muab Hmoob Dawb cov suab lus los cais kom txhijtxhua, peb yuav pom tau tias lawv tsuas muaj baum li no lub ntsiab-suab xwb:
(1) cov ntsiab-suab khoob: Hmoob Dawb muaj 26 lub ntsiab-suab khoob:
(a) Cov ntsiab-suab khoob bo pa muaj 13 lub: {a}{e}{i}{o}{u}{w}{ai}{au}{aw}{ee}{ia}{oo}{ua}.
(b) Cov ntsiab-suab khoob tso pa muaj 13 lub:
{ha}{he}{hi}{ho}{hu}{hw}{hai}{hau}{haw}{hee}
{hia}{hoo}{hua}.
(2) cov ntsiab-suab txhuam: Hmoob Dawb muaj 57 lub ntsiab-suab txhuam. Peb muab lawv faib tau ua plaub hom li no :
(a) Cov ntsiab-suab txhuam bo pa muaj 27 lub:
{b} {c} {d} {k} {g} {k} {l} {m} {n} {p} {q} {r} {t}
{v} {x} {y} {z} {nc} {nk} {nq} {nr} {nt} {ny} {ts}
{tx} {nts} {ntx}
(b) Cov ntsiab-suab txhuam tso pa muaj 24 lub:
{bh} {ch} {dh} {kh} {hl} {hm} {hn} {ph} {qh} {rh}
{th} { f } {xy} {s} {nch} {nkh} {nqh} {nrh} {nth}
{nyh} {tsh} {txh} {ntsh} {ntxh}
(c) Cov ntsiab-suab txhuam-blaum bo pa muaj 3 lub:
{bl} {pl} {ml}
(d) Cov ntsiab-suab txhuam-blaum tso pa muaj 3 lub:
{blh} {plh} {hml}
Kev txheeb suab lus thiab ntsiab-suab, peb tsuas hais li no xwb. Yog leej twg xav paub kom tseeb ntxiv, nws yuavtsum nyeem tej ntawv uas luag sau txog suab lus, vim luag muaj lus txaus, ces luag piav tau txhijtxhua dua, los xyuas tau Txiv Plig Nyiaj Pov phau ntawv txhais lus Hmoob-Fabkis, nyob rau phab plaub.
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